Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) Kya Hoti Hain?
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) long-term health conditions hain jo kisi infectious agent (bacteria ya virus) ke bina shareer mein dheere-dheere viksit hoti hain. Yeh bimariyan ek vyakti se doosre vyakti mein chhoone, hawa, ya pani se nahi phailti hain.
World Health Organization (WHO) ke 2023 report ke anusar, NCDs har saal duniya bhar mein 41 million logon ki jaan lete hain. Yeh kul global deaths ka lagbhag 74% hai, jisme se 17 million mautain 70 saal se kam umar ke logon ki hoti hain (premature deaths).
4 Main Types of NCDs Aur Unka Impact
Duniya bhar mein hone wali 80% se adhik NCD deaths char mukhya bimariyon ke karan hoti hain: cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, aur diabetes.
- Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs): Heart attack aur stroke har saal 17.9 million mauton ke sath sabse bada karann hain.
- Cancers: Lung, breast, aur colon cancer samet sabhi cancers se har saal 9.3 million logon ki maut hoti hai.
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Asthma aur Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) har saal 4.1 million mauton ke liye zimmedar hain.
- Diabetes: Direct diabetes aur isse jude kidney failure se har saal 2.0 million se adhik mautain hoti hain.
Primary Causes Aur Risk Factors
Modifiable behavioral risk factors aur metabolic risk factors NCDs ke vikas ke sabse mukhya karann hain.
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) ke data darshate hain ki India mein 66% se adhik deaths NCDs ki wajah se hoti hain. Mukhya risk factors ye hain:
- Tobacco Use: Cigarette, bidi, aur gutkha har saal 8 million se adhik logon ki maut ka karann bante hain.
- Unhealthy Diet: Khane mein zyada namak (sodium), sugar, aur trans-fats khane se blood pressure aur obesity badhta hai.
- Physical Inactivity: Subah ki walk ya regular exercise na karne se metabolic diseases ka khatra 30% tak badh jata hai.
- Harmful Alcohol Use: Excessive alcohol consumption se liver cirrhosis aur stroke ka risk seedhe taur par badhta hai.
NCDs Se Bachne Aur Control Karne Ke Upay
Healthy lifestyle changes aur early medical diagnosis ke zariye lagbhag 80% premature NCD deaths ko aasani se roka ja sakta hai.
NCDs ke khatre ko kam karne ke liye ye steps follow karein:
- Daily Physical Exercise: Har din kam se kam 30 minute moderate exercise jaise brisk walking ya cycling karein.
- Salt Aur Sugar Reduction: Daily salt intake ko 5 grams se kam rakhein aur ultra-processed foods avoid karein.
- Routine Health Screening: 30 saal ki umar ke baad har saal Blood Pressure, Fasting Blood Sugar, aur Lipid Profile check karayein.
- Complete Addiction Cessation: Smoking aur alcohol ko poori tarah se chhodna cardiovascular risk ko 50% ghatata hai.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: NCDs ka full form kya hai?
NCDs ka full form Non-Communicable Diseases hai, jise Hindi mein gair-sanchari rog kehte hain.
Q2: Kya NCDs ek vyakti se doosre vyakti mein phail sakte hain?
Nahi, NCDs non-infectious bimariyan hain, jo chhoone, hawa, ya shaririki sampark se ek vyakti se doosre vyakti mein nahi phailti hain.
Q3: India mein sabse aam NCD konsi hai?
India mein Cardiovascular Diseases (Heart attack/hypertension) aur Type 2 Diabetes sabse aam NCDs hain.
Q4: Kya NCDs ko poori tarah prevent kiya ja sakta hai?
Haan, 80% premature NCDs ko balanced diet, regular exercise, aur tobacco/alcohol avoid karke prevent kiya ja sakta hai.